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3:12-17 Distribution of Transjordanian Land. These verses recapitulate the distribution of the lands of Sihon and Og to the tribes of Reuben, Gad, and half the tribe of Manasseh (Num. 32:1-42; 34:13-15). The repeat of this in Deuteronomy underscores that the possession of the Promised Land has begun, which should make Israel more confident to cross the Jordan and conquer the remaining land.

3:14 Cf. Num. 32:41, which implies Jair's villages were in Gilead, not Bashan (also Judg. 10:4). The Geshurites and Maacathites were separate kingdoms bordering Bashan to the west. They were not conquered by Joshua (Josh. 13:13) and remained independent in David's time (2 Sam. 3:3; 10:6).

3:15 Machir was the son of Manasseh (Gen. 50:23). Here it refers to his descendants, a subsection of the tribe of Manasseh (see also Josh. 17:1).

3:17 Chinnereth is another name for the Sea of Galilee. Pisgah is the peak of Mount Nebo, overlooking Jericho and the north end of the Dead Sea, the place where Moses dies (v. 27; 34:1-4).

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