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CHRONICLE

A record or list of events. The genre of chronicle (Heb. sēper diḇrê hayyāmîm) should not be equated with 1–2 Chronicles, which are histories that utilize various sources and genres, including chronicles. A chronicle lists events without any necessary connection or coherence and therefore does not constitute a history in itself. Chronicles were usually maintained by the palace or temple to record significant events with precise dates in chronological sequence. Chronicles typically included brief, highly stylized reports of military campaigns, building projects, hunting exploits, and royal donations. Chronicles may be as specific as daybooks, precisely dated daily records of activity in the palace, or as general as summaries of the principal deeds of the kings.

The biblical historians cite various chronicles such as the chronicles (NRSV “Annals”) of the Kings of Judah (i.e., 1 Kgs. 14:29; 15:7, 23), the chronicles of the Kings of Israel (14:19; 15:31), the books of the Kings of Israel and Judah (1 Chr. 9:1; 2 Chr. 16:11), the book of the Acts of Solomon (1 Kgs. 11:41), the chronicles of King David (1 Chr. 27:24), the chronicles of Samuel, Nathan, and Gad (29:29), the chronicles of Shemaiah the Prophet and of Iddo the Seer (2 Chr. 12:15), the chronicles of the Kings of Media and Persia (Esth. 10:2), and other various chronicles (Neh. 12:23; Esth. 2:23; 6:1).

The genre of chronicles used by the biblical historians was common throughout the ancient Near East. Numerous Mesopotamian and Egyptian chronicles are extant or known in ancient references, such as the Weidner Chronicle, the Babylonian date lists, and the Assyrian eponym lists.

Bibliography. A. K. Grayson, Assyrian and Babylonian Chronicles. Texts from Cuneiform Sources 5 (Locust Valley, N.Y., 1975); B. Halpern, The First Historians (1988, repr. University Park, Pa., 1996); J. Van Seters, In Search of History (New Haven, 1983).

Bradford Scott Hummel






Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible (2000)

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