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LYSANIAS

(Gk. Lysanías)

The tetrarch (lit., “ruler of a fourth” of a Roman province) of Abilene (an area in Lebanon, NW of Damascus) when John the Baptist began his ministry (Luke 3:1; “the fifteenth year of Emperor Tiberius,” 28-29 c.e.). Lysanias is the last and least civil ruler listed in this verse, the only mention of him in the NT. Josephus (Ant. 14.13.3; 15.4.1; BJ 1.13.1) mentions a Lysanias, the son of Ptolemy, who ruled Chalcis in Lebanon, but this Lysanias died some 60 years before the ministry of John the Baptist. Thus some have argued that Luke erred, but it is more likely that Luke refers to a later Lysanias, mentioned in inscriptions, who may also be intended by other references in Josephus (Ant. 19.5.1; 20.7.1) which speak of Lysanias but do not specify him as the son of Ptolemy. Luke’s claim that he carefully investigated matters (Luke 1:3) is not seriously challenged in this instance.

David L. Turner






Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible (2000)

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