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HALICARNASSUS

(Gk. Halikarnassos)

A leading city and capital on the southwestern coast of Caria in Asia Minor, modern Budrum, Turkey. It was one of six colonies founded by Dorians ca. 900 b.c.e. By the 5th century, however, the city had become Ionic (with a strong local Carian element). Because of its advantageous location, it was subject to frequent plundering and siege. Halicarnassus is famous as the home of the 5th-century Greek poet Panyassis and the historians Herodotus and Dionysius. It was the site of one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, the architectural marvel called the Mausoleum with its exquisite statues which Artemisia II had built in 352 for her husband Mausolus, who had incorporated a number of villages into a single city and made it his capital.

Though it was a Greek city, Jews had favorable status there under the Romans. In 139 the senate sent a letter renewing its friendship and alliance with them (1 Macc. 15:23), and they were granted religious liberty and allowed to build a house of prayer near the sea (Josephus Ant. 14.10.23).

Richard A. Spencer







Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible (2000)

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