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JESSE

(Heb. yišay, ʾîšay)

The father of King David, son of Obed and grandson of Boaz and Ruth the Moabite. In addition to David, Jesse is traditionally credited with seven other sons (1 Sam. 16:10; 17:12) and two daughters (1 Chr. 2:16). However, 1 Chr. 2:13-15 lists only seven sons, and 2 Sam. 17:25 calls Abiga(i)l (and presumably Zeruiah) the daughter of Nahash. If this Nahash is the king of Ammon (1 Sam. 11:1), then Jesse’s family would have both Moabite and Ammonite affiliations (associations certainly not emphasized in the Deuteronomistic history). Jesse plays no role in the biblical narrative apart from David: David is anointed in Jesse’s family home; Jesse sends David to play the harp for Saul; Jesse sends David to the Israelite camp with food for his brothers; and Jesse sojourns in Moab during the time of David’s trouble with Saul. Jesse’s name appears in Isa. 11:1, 10 (the “stump of Jesse,” the “root of Jesse”) as a symbol of the messianic king (Rom. 15:12).

James R. Adair, Jr.







Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible (2000)

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