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ZAPHON

(Heb. ṣāpôn)

(MOUNTAIN)

A high mountain (ca. 1770 m. [5807 ft.]) on the coastal border between Syria and Turkey (W. Sem. ṣpn/ṣpwn [*ṣapūnu], classical Mons Casius, modern Jebel el-Aqraʿ). It is the divine abode of the weather-god Hadad/Haddu, Lord of Zaphon (Baal-zaphon). The mountain plays a central role in Ugaritic/Canaanite mythological tradition and as such underlies the biblical accounts (Ps. 48:2[MT 3]; Isa. 14:13; cf. Ps. 89:12[13]; Ezek. 1:4). Heb. ṣāpôn, “north” (regarding wind direction), and place names such as Baal-zephon (Exod. 14:2) and Zaphon (Josh. 13:27) may derive from Baal’s mythical abode.

Bibliography. H. Niehr, “Zaphon,” DDD, 927-29.

Meindert Dijkstra






Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible (2000)

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