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THOUSAND

In its earliest meaning, a subdivision among the tribes, with varying breadth (Heb. ʾelep). The term stands in parallel to mišpāḥâ, “family,” in 1 Sam. 10:19, but in Num. 1:16; 10:4, 36; Josh. 22:21 it appears to be the equivalent of šēḇeṭ, “tribe.” In a general sense, however, this subdivision is usually different from, and smaller than, the tribe. A similar subdivision existed among the early Arab tribes.

Later, as first Saul, then later David, moved to organize the infantry along more regular lines, the subdivision “thousand,” which roughly corresponds to a modern battalion, became the largest of the various military units. As such, it probably continued in use down to the end of the monarchy.

Donald G. Schley






Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible (2000)

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