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KIDNEYS

The kidneys of sacrificed animals, along with their fat, part of the liver, the broad tail, and the fat that covers the entrails, were to be burned completely by the priests (Exod. 29:13, 22; Lev. 3:4, 10, 15). At times kidneys (Heb. kĕlāyyôṯ; Gk. nephroí) represent the organs in general, e.g., as they were being formed in the womb (Ps. 139:13; NRSV “inward parts”) or being pierced by archers (Job 16:13; Lam. 3:13, NRSV “vitals”). More often, however, kidneys refer to the seat of emotions and decision making. Thus, one can be called “upright in kidneys” (Ps. 7:10[MT 11]). One’s kidneys may faint (Job 19:27) or rejoice (Prov. 23:16). Along with the heart they are known and searched by God (Jer. 11:20; Ps. 73:21; cf. Rev. 2:23). Those who speak well but say nothing are said to have God “in their mouths, but far from their kidneys” (Jer. 12:2).

Gregory A. Wolfe






Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible (2000)

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