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MILLO

(Heb. millôʾ)

1. A fortification, or construction, at an unspecified location within Jerusalem. After David captured Jerusalem from the Jebusites, he occupied their stronghold and constructed the Millo (from mlʾ, “to fill”). It was somehow incorporated into David’s wall of Jerusalem (2 Sam. 5:9 = 1 Chr. 11:8), and is seen to be a breach in the city wall, a filled stone tower, or a filling of the Tyropoeon Valley connecting the eastern ridge of the city with its western crest. Kathleen Kenyon identified the Millo with the 14th-13th b.c.e. Jebusite terracing she excavated on the eastern slope of the city of David, S of the present-day temple mount. This structure was further excavated by Yigal Shiloh (area G), and found to consist of stone-filled terraces, which created an additional area of approximately 200 sq. m. (240 sq. yds.) on top of the hill. Shiloh suggested that it formed the podium of the Jebusite citadel. The Millo was later repaired by Hezekiah (2 Chr. 32:5). Some scholars propose that during the divided monarchy the term Millo was replaced by “Ophel” (cf. 2 Chr. 27:3; 33:14).

2. A construction of Solomon, following his completion of a palace for his wife, Pharaoh’s daughter (2 Kgs. 9:15, 24; 11:27). Whether Solomon simply repaired David’s Millo, or created his own, is unknown.

3. The “House of the Millo” (spelled defectively millōʾ), where Joash was assassinated (2 Kgs. 12:20[MT 21]), located on the way to Silla.

4. “Beth-millo,” a city or fortress located near Shechem (Judg. 9:6, 20).

Bibliography. Y. Shiloh, Excavations at the City of David 1. Qedem 19 (Jerusalem, 1984).

Kenneth Atkinson







Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible (2000)

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