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HOSHEA

(Heb. hôšēaʿ)

1. The original name of Joshua (Num. 13:8, 16; Deut. 32:44).

2. The last king of northern Israel (732-724 b.c.e.). Hoshea, allied with Assyria, assassinated Pekah (736-732), who along with the kings of other petty nations had rebelled against Assyrian suzerainty (2 Kgs. 15:30). Tiglath-pileser III then officially named Hoshea king and received tribute from Israel. When Shalmaneser V (726-722) succeeded his father Tiglath-pileser, Hoshea aligned himself with anti-Assyrian neighbors in withholding tribute. Shalmaneser then attacked Israel and made Hoshea his vassal. When Hoshea withheld tribute again, Shalmaneser subdued Israel, imprisoned Hoshea, and continued his siege of Samaria until the city fell three years later in 722 (2 Kgs. 17:3-7). While the biblical account would seem to imply that Shalmaneser conquered Samaria, documents from the reign of Sargon II (722-705) insist that this was the real victor.

3. A chief officer whom David placed over Ephraim (1 Chr. 27:20).

4. One of the levitical priests who ratified Ezra’s version of Israel’s covenant with God (Neh. 10:23).

5. The 8th-century northern prophet whose name is usually transliterated Hosea. He flourished from the time of Uzziah and Jeroboam II until the reign of Hezekiah (Hos. 1:1). The dates of his career are dependent on the date of the reign of Hezekiah, which is disputed. However, there is no definitive evidence that he prophesied as late as the fall of Samaria in 722. He was probably active from 750-725.

Paul L. Redditt

Prayer Tents Bible References - Prayer Tents

HOSHEA

Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible (2000)